Research Briefings

1968

Year the sleep-onset growth hormone pulse was first described

~70%

Share of men's daily growth hormone output released in early sleep

None

Receptor, gene or precursor identified for DSIP since its 1977 discovery

GVSWGLR

7-amino-acid sequence — a truncated, optimized spadin fragment

TREK-1

Highly selective inhibition of the two-pore-domain K+ channel

Hours

Onset of measurable antidepressant-like effects in preclinical models

5–7 lb

Where he holds through the offseason, above stage weight

Fundamentals

Training, nutrition, sleep and recovery come before any compound

Screening

Any medically supervised therapy follows evaluation by a licensed professional

BDNF

Semax upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor, central to long-term potentiation

GABA-A

Selank modulates GABA-A and serotonin signalling without the sedation of anxiolytics

c-Met

Dihexa potentiates hepatocyte growth factor to drive synaptogenesis

KCNK2

The gene encoding TREK-1, a member of the two-pore-domain (K2P) family

Polymodal

Gated by membrane stretch, intracellular acidosis, and polyunsaturated lipids

Bidirectional

Blockers are studied for neurogenesis; openers for ischemic protection

ROS

Oxidative load is the shared failure mode across all three organ systems

Cardiolipin

SS-31 binds the inner mitochondrial membrane to preserve cristae architecture

SIRT1/3

NAD+ availability gates sirtuin-mediated cellular stress resistance

IGF-1

GH-driven IGF-1 and mTOR signaling associated with lean-tissue preservation

β3

AOD9604 stimulates lipolysis via β3-adrenergic receptors without IGF-1 binding

AMPK

MOTS-c activates AMPK to oxidize freed fatty acids

28-aa

Amino-acid neuropeptide of the secretin/glucagon family

VPAC1/2

Class B GPCR receptors it binds to drive cAMP signaling

4 systems

Immune, respiratory, metabolic, and circadian research domains

Build

Nutritional foundation — amino acids and Vitamin C as collagen raw materials

Induce

Micro-needling and GHK-Cu signaling to activate fibroblasts

Preserve

UV protection and glycation control to stop collagen breakdown

PDE5

Selectively inhibits the PDE5 enzyme to preserve cGMP

~17.5 hr

Long terminal half-life — a therapeutic window up to 36 hours

NO pathway

Promotes vasodilation and increased systemic blood flow

SERM

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator — manipulates estrogen feedback

LH + FSH

Raises gonadotropins to stimulate endogenous testosterone and spermatogenesis

Off-label

Not FDA-approved for men — used off-label; research/educational reference

NNMT

5-Amino-1MQ inhibits nicotinamide N-methyltransferase to preserve NAD+

Intake + output

GLP-1s control caloric intake; 5-Amino-1MQ supports metabolic output

RUO

5-Amino-1MQ is a research chemical — not FDA-evaluated; research use only

ERRα/β/γ

Pan-ERR agonist — activates all three estrogen-related receptor isoforms

~400 nM

Approximate EC50 at each ERR isoform

RUO

Investigational — not FDA-approved; laboratory research use only

−27%

All-cause mortality vs control in a post-heart-attack meta-analysis (Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2013)

37 RCTs

A 2020 meta-analysis found reduced body weight, BMI, and fat mass — strongest in overweight/obese adults

~1.33 kg

Average extra weight lost vs placebo in a separate 2016 meta-analysis

20% off

Memorial Day weekend — code MEMORIAL20 at checkout (ends Mon May 26)

~40%

Survodutide trial participants losing >20% baseline weight

MASH

Survodutide's distinguishing edge: histological liver-fibrosis improvement

1982

Approved as an immunomodulator in the former Soviet Union

T-cell

Primary mechanism: hematopoietic stem cell → mature T-lymphocyte differentiation

Cytokine

Re-examined during COVID-19 as a cytokine-storm modulator

Vascular

Targets the endothelium of white-fat blood supply, not the brain

Renal

Dose-dependent kidney toxicity is the headline safety signal

Primate

Strongest published data set is in obese rhesus macaque models

5

New SKUs added to the catalog this week

$65–$110

Single-vial price range across the new peptide additions

1

First oral capsule version of an existing peptide vial

14–19

Peptides being restored to Category 1 status by HHS

23%

CagriSema 84-week weight loss in REDEFINE-4 Phase III

18.6%

Mazdutide placebo-adjusted weight reduction in MED Journal data

16.8%

Retatrutide weight-loss signal in Phase 3 topline data

10.7%

Amylin analog weight-loss signal with strong tolerability

92.2%

Fat-mass share of weight loss in Bimagrumab combination data